Leeham News and Analysis
There's more to real news than a news release.
China banks on C919, but numbers say it still needs Boeing
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By Scott Hamilton
Sept. 2, 2024, © Leeham News: Airbus and Boeing see China doubling its airliner fleet over the next 20 years. The numbers vary between the two companies. But the underlying data points to how challenging it will be for China to meet this demand without letting Boeing back into the mix.
Boeing has largely been frozen out of China since 2017 when then-President Donald Trump initiated a trade war with one of the world’s largest economies. Then, Boeing’s self-inflicted wounds came in the form of the 21-month grounding of the 737 MAX, a 20-month suspension of deliveries of the 787, and major, slow rework required for each model.
On top of this, after Russia invaded Ukraine, the Biden Administration—which kept Trump’s tariffs upon taking office in 2021—ramped up the pressure on China, which initially covertly supported Russia’s war on Ukraine. This support became more open as the war dragged on.
Few Boeing airplanes have been delivered to China since 2017 and fewer orders have been placed.
Boeing predicts that China will need 6,720 single-aisle aircraft through 2043. Airbus sees a need for 7,950 single aisles for the same period. On the widebody side, Boeing forecasts a requirement for 1,575 aircraft; Airbus forecasts a need for 1,380. Widebody freighter forecasts for China are 170 and 190 by Boeing and Airbus, respectively.
Let’s compare these numbers with production rates. China still needs Boeing.
Using stock could be one option for IAM salary demands
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By The Leeham News Team
Aug. 26, 2024, © Leeham News: Boeing’s in contract negotiations with its touch labor union, the International Association of Machinists District 751 (IAM 751). The powerful union wants a 40% raise over the life of a four-year contract. Leadership wants to recover medical co-pays and reinstate a defined pension plan, given up in previous contracts.
The union also wants a guarantee that the Next Boeing Airplane (NBA) will be built in the Seattle area. Boeing’s executives used the threats of relocating 737 MAX and 777X assembly elsewhere to wring economic concessions out of 751 members in previous contract talks.
The contract expires on September 12. The union membership already has voted to authorize a strike on September 12 if the contract offer is voted down.
This time, the membership believes it is in a stronger bargaining position. Boeing’s weak financial position is viewed as playing right into labor’s strength. Jon Holden, president of the union, echoed those sentiments. “We understand our power. We are ready to use it,” Holden told The Seattle Times. Holden was also not going to let management off the hook, due to the poor financial position Boeing finds itself in, he told the newspaper. “It’s not about whether they can afford to pay us. That’s not even a question,” he added. “They can.”
But the ultimate question is, How can Boeing afford to pay what the union wants?
Here’s how.
The Military Gravy Train. Not for everyone.
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By the Leeham News Team
Aug. 22, 2024, © Leeham News: Lockheed Martin (LM). RTX. Northrop Grumman (NG), General Dynamics (GD). BAE Systems (BAE). These are the world’s largest defense contractors, by revenue.
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||
| Sales | Earnings | Sales | Earnings | Sales | Earnings | ||
| Lockheed Martin | $67,571 | 6,920 | 65,984 | 5,732 | 67,044 | 6,315 | |
| RTX | $68,920 | 3,195 | 67,074 | 5,5216 | 64,388 | 3,897 | |
| Northrop Grumman | $39,290 | 2,056 | 36,602 | 4,896 | 35,667 | 7,005 | |
| General Dynamics | $42,272 | 3,315 | 39,407 | 3,390 | 38,469 | 3,257 | |
| BAE Systems (in £) | £25,284 | 2,682 | 23,256 | 2,479 | 21,310 | 2,205 | |
| (in millions) |
Source: 2023 Financial reports. BAE reporting in EBIT.
Five corporations. Three years. Fifteen sets of data points. Not a drop of red ink to be seen. Airbus and Boeing can’t say the same thing.
The all-important Unit Cost
- Part II of the Boeing Liabilities Problem
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By the Leeham News Team
Aug. 15, 2024, © Leeham News: Chief Financial Officer Brian West recently cautioned Boeing (BA) analysts and investors about the cash burn on the Q2/2024 earnings call;
“I’m just not smart enough right at this moment to say whether it’s $5bn or $10bn,”
BA used $4.3bn in the second quarter, which followed a burn-off of $3.9bn in the first quarter. The company shored up its cash position by borrowing $10bn during Q2/2024, injecting much-needed funds to cover losses. Eventually, all that money must be repaid.
LNA continues to analyze just how short Boeing is from that point and where it needs to be to make that happen.
Supply chain may be stabilising — but risks remain, says Accenture’s aerospace lead
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By the Leeham News Team
August 12, 2024, © Leeham News at Farnborough: After a period of intense disruption, the aerospace supply chain is showing signs of stabilisation, partly due to Boeing’s recent production slowdown, according to Accenture’s global aerospace and defense lead, John Schmidt.
Titanium is now a scarce material given the sanctions against Russia. All Airbus and Boeing airplanes use the material. Photo Credit: Leeham News.
The reduction in output has eased some pressure on suppliers, allowing them to catch up on backlogs and recalibrate operations. However, Schmidt warned this respite may be short-lived as new challenges loom on the horizon.
Geopolitical tension involving Western nations and Russia, and the Asia-Pacific region, risks raw material shortages that may disrupt the delicate balance once more.
“The supply chain has evolved and changed in terms of where the focus is since COVID,” noted Schmidt in a sit-down interview with LNA at the Farnborough Airshow in July. “It wasn’t too long ago that we couldn’t get chips – chips were holding things back. It seems like we’ve gotten ahead of that, and now we’re dealing with trying to find other sources of supply, and sometimes it’s an issue with quality coming in.”
“What’s next is going to be sources of supply for things like titanium? There is enough in the supply chain already that has insulated the impact, but we’re starting to see early indications that [titanium] might be the next thing that comes up.” Read more
Airbus a sideshow in Boeing-Spirit deal, but intertwined
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By the Leeham News Team
Aug. 9, 2024, © Leeham News: The financial results for the first half of 2024 are in for the corporations of the aviation industry and it has been a mixed bag for many. Notably, Tier 1 supplier Spirit Aerosystems (SA) faces increasing cash flow pressure, despite reporting a 9% increase in revenues.
President and Chief Executive Officer Pat Shanahan was supportive of employees. “This has been a dynamic and eventful period for the company, and I want to extend my gratitude to each employee for their dedication and hard work.”
Profitability, Free Cash Flow (FCF) and Cash on hand were driven down by a joint product verification process on the 737 MAX shipsets, to ensure conformity of fuselages prior to transportation to Boeing’s (BA) final assembly site in Renton (WA). During the second quarter, a paltry 27 units were shipped to BA, averaging nine a month. Quarterly and half year deliveries were either relatively flat or down, over 2023.
Source: Spirit Aerosystems 1H2024 Results
Meanwhile, deliveries to Airbus (AB) were up across the board, with the exception of the A330 program, which dipped slightly for the first half. Year-over-year, SA shipped 37 more shipsets during the second quarter and 52 more over the half-year to Airbus.
While Boeing has faced increased scrutiny from regulators, which has trickled down to SA, why does Spirit seem able to produce components for Airbus that pass inspection and enter into the AB supply chain, in increasing numbers?
Calhoun’s biggest failure at Boeing: fixing safety
By Scott Hamilton
Commentary
David Calhoun
Aug. 8, 2024, © Leeham News: Kelly Ortberg becomes president and chief executive officer of The Boeing Co. today. He replaces David 
Calhoun, who was named to the position in January 2020. Calhoun replaced Dennis Muilenburg, with a charge to save Boeing from the first 737 MAX crisis and extended grounding; and fix, among other things, the safety culture failures that led to the 21-month grounding of Boeing’s cash cow.
Ortberg has a long list of things to fix, including but not limited to:
- The union contract with the IAM 751, in negotiations now; the contract expires in September
- Fixing Boeing’s safety culture
- Quality control at all the BCA and BDS factories
- Stemming losses at BDS
- Getting BCA production back up to normal rates (50+ for the 737, 10-12 for the 787)
- Getting the MAX 7, MAX 10, and 777X certified
- Regaining the confidence of the FAA, EASA, and other regulators; getting authority to oversee its operations and ticket airplanes back from the FAA
- Repairing the balance sheet
- Integrating Spirit AeroSystems into Boeing
- Returning BCA to profitability
- Launching a new airplane to replace the 737
- Regaining global market share closer to parity with Airbus
- Repair relations with the supply chain
- Negotiate a new contract with the engineers union, SPEEA, in 2026
- Repair relations with the airlines and lessors
- Repair relations with the IAM 751 and SPEEA unions
Ortberg’s long list of things to do reflects a failure of leadership by Calhoun.
Trouble with the Boeing backlog?
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By the Leeham News Team
Aug. 8, 2024, © Leeham News: On July 31, 2024, Boeing (BA) released the financial results of the second quarter, in what was widely expected to be a dismal reporting period. The company had been facing pressures from all sides of the spectrum, including certification, production, supply chain and financial, to mention a few.
The third quarter now brings fresh challenges as BA will have to deal with an increasingly militant union membership (and contract negotiations), who want to claw back concessions previously granted to the company.
Indeed, the 2Q2024 results were less than stellar, with an ever-increasing cash burn and a decreasing amount of commercial aircraft delivered. The silver lining to the very dark cloud which hung over the release, was news that the embattled reign of CEO Dave Calhoun was coming to an end, and newly minted Kelly Ortberg of Rockwell Collins fame, would replace him on August 8.
Lost in the eruption of euphoria which saw Boeing shares rise 2% on the day, despite losses that surpassed the previous quarters figures, was news that all was not well with the Boeing Commercial Aircraft (BCA) backlog.
Typically, when previous results were poor, optimists pointed to the duopoly Boeing shares with Airbus and the multi-billion-dollar backlog of orders it holds. “Airbus production is maxed out, so what are airlines going to do for new aircraft?”, was the common refrain.
The Boeing Liabilities Problem: A decade to resolve
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By the Leeham News Team
Analysis
Aug. 1, 2024, © Leeham News: During the second quarter, Boeing (BA) CFO Brian West admitted that the first half of 2024 will be a cash burn period, given the problems over at Boeing Commercial Aircraft (BCA) with suppliers, deliveries and certification issues. Estimates varied and West was non-committal in his comments. However, he alluded to a repeat of the performance in Q1, which had a Free Cash Flow (FCF) burn rate of ($3.9bn) and an operating cash flow usage of ($3.4bn).
The second quarter results released on July 31, 2024, underlined just how badly things have deteriorated. FCF for the period was ($4.3bn) and operating cash flow was ($3.9bn).
BA attempted to mitigate the drop in cash by borrowing an additional $10bn in April, which bumped the Long-Term Debt (LTD) back up to previous highs and guaranteed that Interest Expense will be a troubling item for them, moving forward. In Q1/2024 Boeing paid out $569m in debt servicing costs with almost $47bn in LTD sitting on their balance sheet. With the new obligations, consolidated debt now sits at $57.9bn.
For comparison, at the end of 2020 Boeing reported (in millions of dollars):
To what extent can the A321XLR replace the Boeing 757, Part 4
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By Bjorn Fehrm
August 1, 2024, © Leeham News: We are comparing the Airbus a321XLR to the Boeing 757 to understand to what extent it can replace the 757 on the longer routes it operates for major airlines like United, American, and Delta.
We have examined the aircraft’s development and operational history, their Apples-to-Apples capacity and range, and their operational costs for a typical domestic configuration. Now, we equip the A321XLR with a long-range, lie-flat cabin and look at what long-range routes it can fly in this configuration.
Summary:
- The A321LR/XLR can fly up to 10-hour routes in a long-range configuration, flying from mid-USA to mid-Europe.
- With its passenger capacity, range, and operational economics, it covers most of what Boeing set out to cover in its MOM and later NMA studies.