By Bjorn Fehrm
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Introduction
April 14, 2016, ©. Leeham Co: Bombardier is working hard to get additional mainline airline customers for its C Series project. The latest discussion is whether Delta Air Lines would replace its fleet of Boeing MD-88s with the C Series.
Figure 1. C Series largest model, CS300. Source: Bombardier.
In this context, it’s also discussed if the largest model, the CS300, Figure 1, is large enough for Delta. This aircraft seats 135 passengers in a two class configuration and up to 160 passengers in an all economy high density version.
The question is whether this is sufficient for Delta and other mainline customers, or if a still larger version is needed in the program, the oft-discussed CS500. We decided to use our proprietary aircraft model to see if a CS500 would be straight forward for Bombardier to develop, should Delta or any other customer ask for a three model C Series program.
Summary
- The C Series aircraft program was developed with the CS300 as the main model. The wing, engine and landing gear were dimensioned with the CS300 in mind.
- The CS100 is a shrink of the CS300, and not vice versa (the CS300 a stretch of the CS100).
- A tentative CS500 stretch if therefore a first stretch of the program’s main model and not a double stretch of a CS100.
- This is evident when one starts to analyze how a CS500 would be designed. There are rather modest changes that need to be done to create an extended model that seat up to 180 passengers.
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Bombardier’s Delta deal looking good, but don’t celebrate yet
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Introduction
Air Baltic will be the first operator of the Bombardier CS300. Source: Bombardier.
April 18, 2016, © Leeham Co.: Bombardier, if it didn’t dominate the news cycle in commercial aviation last week, must have come close. Consider:
While on balance, it seems likely Delta will order the C Series, Bombardier has been down this road before. Only a few months ago, the market and others were excited over the prospect that BBD was close to landing an order from United Airlines, only to see Boeing swoop in and grab the deal.
Summary
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Posted on April 18, 2016 by Scott Hamilton
Airbus, Airlines, Boeing, Bombardier, CSeries, Delta Air Lines, E-Jet, Embraer, Leeham News and Comment, Premium, United Airlines
737-700, A319, A321ceo, Air Canada, Airbus, Boeing, Bombardier, C Series, CS100, CS300, Delta Air Lines, E195 E2, E195-E1, Embraer, United Airlines
Pontifications: Airbus, Boeing, Bombardier and export credit support
By Scott Hamilton
April 18, 2016, © Leeham Co.: Export Credit for airliners was back in the news last week, with the US taking aim at the prospect of Canada’s agency supporting sales of the Bombardier C Series to the US and France and Germany suspending export credit support for Airbus airplanes.
The week before, Dennis Muilenburg, the CEO of The Boeing Co., testified before Congress that although the US ExIm Bank was reauthorized, Senate action—or more accurately, inaction—on confirming members of the ExIm Board of Directors has kept the agency shut down for new deals. There isn’t a quorum of members on the Board to approve new deals.
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37 Comments
Posted on April 18, 2016 by Scott Hamilton
Airbus, Boeing, Bombardier, CSeries, ExIm Bank, Pontifications
737-7, 737-700, A319, Airbus, Boeing, Bombardier, C Series, Charlie Brown, CS300, Dennis Muilenburg, ExIm
Bjorn’s Corner: The role of a Flight Management System
By Bjorn Fehrm
15 April 2016, ©. Leeham Co: In several of my Corners when describing flight control systems and autopilots for airliners, I have written about the aircraft’s Flight Management System (FMS) without actually describing its role completely.
The first complete FMS was introduced with the Boeing 767 in 1982. Before the Boeing 767, aircraft cockpits had at least three flight crew members, the third being the navigator or flight engineer. This third person managed a number of tasks. He surveyed the aircraft’s systems/engines and performed the navigation for the aircraft.
With the introduction of computerized support systems for system monitoring and warning (EICAS for Boeing, ECAM for Airbus) and navigation (FMS for both Boeing and Airbus), the third person could be replaced and two flight crew cockpits became the norm.
When flying a modern airliner, the FMS has a central role in both flight preparations and during flight. We will therefore describe what an FMS does in more detail. Read more
13 Comments
Posted on April 15, 2016 by Bjorn Fehrm
Airbus, Bjorn's Corner, Boeing
737, A320, Airbus, Boeing, FMS
Leeham’s Bjorn Fehrm selected for Swedish medal for engineering work
Bjorn Fehrm
April 14, 2016: Bjorn Fehrm, the aeronautical and economical analyst for Leeham Co. and Leeham News and Comment, has been selected to receive the 2016 Thulin Silver Medal from the Aeronautics and Space Technology Society and the Royal Academy of Engineering Sciences of Sweden, the groups announced this week.
Fehrm focuses on technical evaluation for Leeham Co and LNC, providing a level of technical and aircraft economic reporting rarely seen among aviation writers.
Fehrm has a background both as a fighter pilot and engineer, “where the knowledge came to foster a brilliant idea how to make radar chaff work for effective self-protection, and in 1980 filed a patent application for his invention,” the groups said in a press release announcing the award. “The principle is that the chaff must be spread very quickly in the transverse direction to give effect on modern radar stations which have high range resolution and Doppler signal processing. The chaff dispenser is mounted close to the aircraft’s wing tip vortices and is designed to not block any weapon positions or require mounting in the aircraft structure. This is achieved by integrating the dispenser in existing missile launchers of the aircraft. The dispensing of the chaff can be made with high precision and high endurance. The chaff is placed in discrete packets using an electro-mechanical dispensing method and is then distributed with the help of the aircraft’s wingtip vortices.”
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29 Comments
Posted on April 14, 2016 by Scott Hamilton
Leeham News and Comment
Aeronautics and Space Technology Society, Bjorn Fehrm, Leeham Co., Leeham News and Comment, Royal Academy of Engineering Sciences
Can Bombardier extend CS300 to a CS500?
By Bjorn Fehrm
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Introduction
April 14, 2016, ©. Leeham Co: Bombardier is working hard to get additional mainline airline customers for its C Series project. The latest discussion is whether Delta Air Lines would replace its fleet of Boeing MD-88s with the C Series.
Figure 1. C Series largest model, CS300. Source: Bombardier.
In this context, it’s also discussed if the largest model, the CS300, Figure 1, is large enough for Delta. This aircraft seats 135 passengers in a two class configuration and up to 160 passengers in an all economy high density version.
The question is whether this is sufficient for Delta and other mainline customers, or if a still larger version is needed in the program, the oft-discussed CS500. We decided to use our proprietary aircraft model to see if a CS500 would be straight forward for Bombardier to develop, should Delta or any other customer ask for a three model C Series program.
Summary
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6 Comments
Posted on April 14, 2016 by Bjorn Fehrm
Airbus, Boeing, Bombardier, Comac, CSeries, Delta Air Lines, E-Jet, Embraer, Irkut, Pratt & Whitney, Premium
737, 737 MAX, A320, A320NEO, Airbus, Boeing, Bombardier, C919, Comac, CSeries, E-Jet E2, Embraer, MC-21, Pratt & Whitney
Alcoa lowers guidance, cites slowing jet sales, production ramp up
In a first quarter earnings call Monday, Alcoa didn’t specify which of the Big Two OEMs it was thinking of, or whether these might have been Bomabrdier and Embraer, for which it also is a supplier. But Sam Pearlstein, the aerospace analyst for Wells Fargo, believes it is Airbus and the A320/A350 programs.
“Alcoa reduced 2016 aerospace global sales growth guidance to 6-8% from 8-9% with large commercial aircraft growth now expected to be about 9% (vs. 15% previous forecast) largely due to lower orders for legacy models and a ”more careful” ramp-up of new models (which we presume means A320NEO and A350),” Pearlstein wrote in a note published yesterday.
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8 Comments
Posted on April 13, 2016 by Scott Hamilton
Airbus, Boeing, Bombardier, Embraer, Pratt & Whitney
A320NEO, A350, Airbus, Alcoa, Boeing, Bombardier, Embraer, Geared Turbo Fan, GTF, Pratt & Whitney, Sam Pearlstein, Wells Fargo
Prices set for years, Boeing cost-cutting goes straight to bottom line
April 12, 2016: Prices for Boeing and Airbus planes are set through the remaining decade, meaning any cost-cutting being pursued by Boeing will flow straight to the
bottom line, a new note issued yesterday from Bernstein Research concludes.
“Pricing on more than 80% of deliveries is already set through the decade,” the note says. “Despite the competitive pressures, however, the reality is that most of the competitive situations are about deliveries in the next decade. This creates a situation in which most of every dollar of cost savings will flow to margin during this decade because most of the planed deliveries are already priced. The same is true for Airbus.
“This has not been the case in prior cycles because backlogs then tended to be only about three years of production, rather than the eight years that we see today. In those cycles, Airbus and Boeing would cut costs, but then compete away the value. That price competition will now be happening primarily on deals for delivery after 2020,” Bernstein says.
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69 Comments
Posted on April 12, 2016 by Scott Hamilton
Airbus, Boeing, Middle of the Market, MOM, United Airlines
737-700, 737-9, 757 replacement, 777 Classic, 777X, 787, A321NEO, Airbus, Boeing, Middle of the Market airplane, MOM, United Airlines
Why Boeing won’t take a charge on 787s
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Introduction
Boeing 787-9. Source: Boeing.
April 11, 2016, © Leeham Co.: Boeing has $29bn in deferred production costs and another $3bn in deferred tooling costs for its 787. The accounting block, for its program accounting, is a record 1,300 aircraft. Many Wall Street analysts are skeptical whether Boeing will ever recover the huge deferred numbers.
Boeing insists it will.
Still, taking a charge of some number—as it has done twice for the 747-8 and twice for the 767-based KC-46A—is something Boeing repeatedly insists it doesn’t need to do.
Why not?
There are a few key reasons, say Wall Street analysts who follow Boeing: revenue, cash flow and the stock price.
Summary
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1 Comment
Posted on April 11, 2016 by Scott Hamilton
air force tanker, Airbus, Boeing, Bombardier, CSeries, Pacific Northwest Aerospace Alliance, Premium
747-8, 787, A330ceo, A330neo, A350-900, Airbus, Bank of America Merrill Lynch, Boeing, Credit Suisse, Dennis Muilenburg, Jim McNerney, KC-46A, Pacific Northwest Aerospace Alliance, Ray Conner, Richard Aboulafia, Rob Spingarn, Ron Epstein, Teal Group, The Seattle Times
Pontifications: Catching up on the KC-46A, KC-30A
By Scott Hamilton
April 11, 2016, © Leeham Co.: The Government Accountability Office (GAO) concludes that the Boeing KC-46A aerial refueling tanker for the US Air Force has “challenging testing and delivery schedules” ahead in its annual review of the program.
It’s been a long, long time since I wrote about aerial refueling tankers. Having delved into this topic during the long-running saga of the USAF recapitalization effort, and the competitions between Northrop Grumman/EADS and later Airbus alone and Boeing, the topic had been beaten to death.
But as we who follow such things know, Boeing’s current effort to build the winning KC-46A for the Air Force has run into more than a few problems. These have led Boeing to be at least eight months late and write off $1.2bn pre-tax on the program.
And the problems aren’t over.
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94 Comments
Posted on April 11, 2016 by Scott Hamilton
air force tanker, Airbus, Boeing, EADS, Northrop, Pontifications
aerial refueling tanker, Airbus, Boeing, EADS, KC-30, KC-330 MRTT, KC-46A, KC-767, Northrop Grumman, USAF
Bjorn’s Corner: Embraer’s Fly-by-wire approach
By Bjorn Fehrm
08 April 2016, ©. Leeham Co: Two weeks ago we discussed the advantages of a Fly-By-Wire (FBW) system which uses feedback based flight laws. We discussed the fact that aircraft OEMs can get the desired FBW handling characteristics with smaller horizontal tail surfaces. I put forward the Embraer E-Jets as an example where the change of FBW principle allowed a 26% reduction in the horizontal tail size for the E2 generation.
At the time there were some debate on how this was achieved and what the root cause of the improvement was. Embraer followed the discussion and told me when I contacted them that my information was correct. In the interest of our readers, Embraer agreed, however, to have their FBW team to give a more complete picture of the advantages of a feedback based FBW.
Here is the team’s response. Read more
44 Comments
Posted on April 8, 2016 by Bjorn Fehrm
Bjorn's Corner, E-Jet, Embraer
E-Jet E2, Embraer, FBW, fly-by-wire
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