Leeham News and Analysis
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Bjorn’s Corner: We fly to Nice
By Bjorn Fehrm
22 April 2016, ©. Leeham Co: Last week we described the function of the aircraft’s Flight Management System, FMS. Now we will use the FMS to program a flight between Innsbruck in Austria and my hometown Nice on the French Riviera.
To make it practical and easy to follow, we will focus on how the Flightplan that we have programmed into the FMS will be processed. To follow that, we look at the display of the FMS navigation on the aircraft’s navigation display. There, one can follow how the FMS and Autopilot work through all the information that a flight-planned mission contains.
The cockpit we see in the picture is the aircraft we will use, an A319 that we have borrowed for the day from Lufthansa, just to help us understand how navigation with a FMS works. It is of course not a real aircraft, but it’s not far from it.
Figure 1. Our flight for the day, Aerosoft’s A319. Source: Aerosoft’s A319 flight simulator
The best flight simulators that are available for your PC today are extremely well done and realistic; this is one of them. It’s an A319 simulator from the German company Aerosoft. I flew the mission for us yesterday.
Let’s see how it works.
Fewer A350s in 2017-18, says Cowen & Co.; not so, says Airbus
April 21, 2016: Airbus will assemble fewer A350s than planned in 2017 and 2018, according to a short note to clients by the Cowen & 
Co. obtained by LNC.
Not so, says Airbus.
The investment bank was commenting on supplier Hexcel.
Airbus, Boeing 1Q earnings ahead
April 20, 2016: Airbus and Boeing will report their first quarter earnings April 28 and 27 respectively.
Year-to-date, Boeing is clobbering Airbus in orders and deliveries. It should be noted that last year, Boeing jumped to an early lead in orders and Airbus came roaring back by mid-year and year-end to outsell Boeing by a wide margin. Each company has guided at least 1:1 book-to-bill. This suggests Boeing would outsell Airbus this year because of a higher production rate: more than 740 compared with fewer than 700. Given Airbus’ propensity to have a stronger second half sales than first half, the outcome of the sales race is anything but iffy to call at this early juncture.
Pontifications: Airbus, Boeing, Bombardier and export credit support
By Scott Hamilton
April 18, 2016, © Leeham Co.: Export Credit for airliners was back in the news last week, with the US taking aim at the prospect of Canada’s agency supporting sales of the Bombardier C Series to the US and France and Germany suspending export credit support for Airbus airplanes.
The week before, Dennis Muilenburg, the CEO of The Boeing Co., testified before Congress that although the US ExIm Bank was reauthorized, Senate action—or more accurately, inaction—on confirming members of the ExIm Board of Directors has kept the agency shut down for new deals. There isn’t a quorum of members on the Board to approve new deals.
Bjorn’s Corner: The role of a Flight Management System
By Bjorn Fehrm
15 April 2016, ©. Leeham Co: In several of my Corners when describing flight control systems and autopilots for airliners, I have written about the aircraft’s Flight Management System (FMS) without actually describing its role completely.
The first complete FMS was introduced with the Boeing 767 in 1982. Before the Boeing 767, aircraft cockpits had at least three flight crew members, the third being the navigator or flight engineer. This third person managed a number of tasks. He surveyed the aircraft’s systems/engines and performed the navigation for the aircraft.
With the introduction of computerized support systems for system monitoring and warning (EICAS for Boeing, ECAM for Airbus) and navigation (FMS for both Boeing and Airbus), the third person could be replaced and two flight crew cockpits became the norm.
When flying a modern airliner, the FMS has a central role in both flight preparations and during flight. We will therefore describe what an FMS does in more detail. Read more
Leeham’s Bjorn Fehrm selected for Swedish medal for engineering work
Bjorn Fehrm
April 14, 2016: Bjorn Fehrm, the aeronautical and economical analyst for Leeham Co. and Leeham News and Comment, has been selected to receive the 2016 Thulin Silver Medal from the Aeronautics and Space Technology Society and the Royal Academy of Engineering Sciences of Sweden, the groups announced this week.
Fehrm focuses on technical evaluation for Leeham Co and LNC, providing a level of technical and aircraft economic reporting rarely seen among aviation writers.
Fehrm has a background both as a fighter pilot and engineer, “where the knowledge came to foster a brilliant idea how to make radar chaff work for effective self-protection, and in 1980 filed a patent application for his invention,” the groups said in a press release announcing the award. “The principle is that the chaff must be spread very quickly in the transverse direction to give effect on modern radar stations which have high range resolution and Doppler signal processing. The chaff dispenser is mounted close to the aircraft’s wing tip vortices and is designed to not block any weapon positions or require mounting in the aircraft structure. This is achieved by integrating the dispenser in existing missile launchers of the aircraft. The dispensing of the chaff can be made with high precision and high endurance. The chaff is placed in discrete packets using an electro-mechanical dispensing method and is then distributed with the help of the aircraft’s wingtip vortices.”
Can Bombardier extend CS300 to a CS500?
By Bjorn Fehrm
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Introduction
April 14, 2016, ©. Leeham Co: Bombardier is working hard to get additional mainline airline customers for its C Series project. The latest discussion is whether Delta Air Lines would replace its fleet of Boeing MD-88s with the C Series.
Figure 1. C Series largest model, CS300. Source: Bombardier.
In this context, it’s also discussed if the largest model, the CS300, Figure 1, is large enough for Delta. This aircraft seats 135 passengers in a two class configuration and up to 160 passengers in an all economy high density version.
The question is whether this is sufficient for Delta and other mainline customers, or if a still larger version is needed in the program, the oft-discussed CS500. We decided to use our proprietary aircraft model to see if a CS500 would be straight forward for Bombardier to develop, should Delta or any other customer ask for a three model C Series program.
Summary
- The C Series aircraft program was developed with the CS300 as the main model. The wing, engine and landing gear were dimensioned with the CS300 in mind.
- The CS100 is a shrink of the CS300, and not vice versa (the CS300 a stretch of the CS100).
- A tentative CS500 stretch if therefore a first stretch of the program’s main model and not a double stretch of a CS100.
- This is evident when one starts to analyze how a CS500 would be designed. There are rather modest changes that need to be done to create an extended model that seat up to 180 passengers.
Alcoa lowers guidance, cites slowing jet sales, production ramp up
April 13, 2016, © Leeham Co.: Alcoa, a major supplier to Airbus and Boeing, lowered its 2016 guidance on anticipated lower demand for aluminum on lower orders for legacy commercial airliners and a slower than expected transition to new airplanes.
In a first quarter earnings call Monday, Alcoa didn’t specify which of the Big Two OEMs it was thinking of, or whether these might have been Bomabrdier and Embraer, for which it also is a supplier. But Sam Pearlstein, the aerospace analyst for Wells Fargo, believes it is Airbus and the A320/A350 programs.
“Alcoa reduced 2016 aerospace global sales growth guidance to 6-8% from 8-9% with large commercial aircraft growth now expected to be about 9% (vs. 15% previous forecast) largely due to lower orders for legacy models and a ”more careful” ramp-up of new models (which we presume means A320NEO and A350),” Pearlstein wrote in a note published yesterday.
Bombardier’s Delta deal looking good, but don’t celebrate yet
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Introduction
Air Baltic will be the first operator of the Bombardier CS300. Source: Bombardier.
April 18, 2016, © Leeham Co.: Bombardier, if it didn’t dominate the news cycle in commercial aviation last week, must have come close. Consider:
While on balance, it seems likely Delta will order the C Series, Bombardier has been down this road before. Only a few months ago, the market and others were excited over the prospect that BBD was close to landing an order from United Airlines, only to see Boeing swoop in and grab the deal.
Summary
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Posted on April 18, 2016 by Scott Hamilton
Airbus, Airlines, Boeing, Bombardier, CSeries, Delta Air Lines, E-Jet, Embraer, Leeham News and Comment, Premium, United Airlines
737-700, A319, A321ceo, Air Canada, Airbus, Boeing, Bombardier, C Series, CS100, CS300, Delta Air Lines, E195 E2, E195-E1, Embraer, United Airlines