Leeham News and Analysis
There's more to real news than a news release.
Leeham News and Analysis
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- Engine makers tout “Plan A” but have “Plan B” backups in R&D June 23, 2025
- Bjorn’s Corner: Air Transport’s route to 2050. Part 27. June 20, 2025
- Pontifications: A Personal Note June 19, 2025
- Airbus books 142 firm orders as Boeing retracts from the Paris Air Show June 19, 2025
Airbus, Boeing Top Customers mix of stable, risk and reward
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Introduction
Dec. 22, 2016, © Leeham Co.: When it comes to comparing backlogs of Airbus and Boeing, the latter likes to point to what it calls a better quality of customers.
The fact is, both companies have large orders with airlines that may be characterized as less than top quality, or which appear to have over-ordered.
Summary
- Airbus is more risk-reward oriented than Boeing.
- Airbus appears more aggressive in emerging markets.
- Airbus and Boeing share risky and quality customers.
- Many of the shared top customers are roughly balanced between Airbus and Boeing.
Boeing announces 2017 job cuts
Dec. 20, 2016: Boeing yesterday announced a new round of job cuts, hoping that these will come from retirements voluntary buyouts–but it did not rule out involuntary layoffs.
No number was given by Boeing for the workforce reduction.
Just a week ago, LNC predicted more job cuts would be coming at Boeing–and at Airbus.
Boeing’s message to employees is below.
Pontifications: Leeham News’ approach to the news
- Leeham News and Comment will be on holiday Dec. 24, 2016, through Jan. 2, 2017, barring major breaking news. Merry Christmas and Happy New Year.
By Scott Hamilton
Dec. 19, 2016, © Leeham Co. Two thousand sixteen is almost over. This will be my last Pontifications of the year.
We approach our job with a little different perspective than the daily newspapers and aviation trades. They have greater resources than we do and have a greater ability to report the news. So LNC tries to bring news with perspective that those outlets don’t.
Analysis, economics, forecasts
We provide analysis of events and of aircraft economics and performance. Not even the trades do the latter. We also make our own forecasts of trends and production rates. Sometimes it takes a few years to be proved right or wrong. So far, we have a good track record of being right.
We’re also not afraid to take on controversy—and be controversial. And we don’t hesitate to call bullshit when we see it.
This gets often us into hot water with the subjects of the controversy.
This is what sets LNC apart.
The Boom SST engine challenges: Summary
By Bjorn Fehrm
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Introduction
December 19, 2016, ©. Leeham Co: It’s time to round off our article series around the engine for a Supersonic Transport Aircraft (SST). The series was triggered by Boom Technologies’ plans to launch a business class-only SST with Virgin Atlantic signing up to buy the aircraft if Boom succeeds.
Our initial articles described the problems involved in making a Mach 2 SST. We singled out the engine with nacelle as the most difficult challenge.
Figure 1. Boom Technologies’ Mach 2.2 airliner with 45 business seats. Source: Boom.
Subsequent articles focused how to select an engine for such an aircraft. The requirements are pretty unique and forces design choices which are contrary to a normal airliner engine.
Today, the words “low bypass ratio” and “low overall pressure ratio” are nonexistent in engine OEMs’ brochures. Yet this is what we need for our SST. Having covered the cruise phase in Part 4, we now close with take-off/landing and what else to think of when propelling an SST.
Summary:
- An SST aircraft needs low bypass engines with a low overall pressure ratio. This is contrary to all normal airliners’ needs.
- The engines need to be housed in nacelles with variable inlets and outlets.
- As a consequence, a configuration with three engines is questionable. A two engine layout would be more optimal.
US appeals WTO ruling over prohibited subsidies
Dec. 16, 2016: The US filed a notice of appeal today of the WTO ruling that Washington State tax breaks granted to entice Boeing to locate a wing plant for the 777X and assemble the airplane at Everett ((WA) was a prohibited subsidy.
The move was expected.
At issue were $8.7bn in tax breaks.
Bjorn’s Corner; Turbofan engine challenges, Part 7
By Bjorn Fehrm
December 16, 2016, ©. Leeham Co: After the turbine comes the engine’s exhaust system. This is where the thrust characteristics of the engine are formed. It is also the environment that defines the back pressure for the fan and turbines. It’s therefore more high-tech than one thinks.
For the very high bypass airliner engines of tomorrow, the common fixed bypass exhaust of today (Station 18 in Figure 1) will not be acceptable. Variable exhaust areas will have to be introduced.
Figure 1. GasTurb principal representation of a three shaft turbofan like our reference Rolls-Royce Trent XWB. Source: GasTurb.
On engines that function in high supersonic speed, it gets really complex. Not only is the exhaust area variable, it must have a dual variation exhaust, a so-called Con-Di nozzle.
The Boom SST engine problem, Part 4
By Bjorn Fehrm
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Introduction
December 15, 2016, ©. Leeham Co: In our article series around the engine for a Boom SST, we established the thrust requirements for the engines in Part 3.
To fulfill these requirements, we have now designed four different engines. Three are of the type that Boom says it is considering, an engine that is based on an existing core.
Figure 1. Boom Technologies Boom Mach 2.2 45 seat airliner. Source: Boom.
We based these around a military core with the right characteristics for a low-to-medium bypass SST engine. The fourth engine is a custom-designed straight turbojet, very similar to the engine that propelled the only operational SST, the Concorde.
We will use the reference turbojet to understand the difference to a turbofan in this application and why the selection of an engine for a SST follows different rules than for a normal airliner.
Summary:
- Supersonic flight requires engines with low frontal areas and low mass flows.
- Should the engine be designed as for a normal airliner, the inlet drag would be prohibitive.
- The engine also must have a low pressure ratio core; otherwise the energy of the fuel is wasted on non-productive work.
Boeing cuts 777 production rate again
Dec. 13, 2016: Boeing yesterday announced another production rate cut for the 777 Classic, effective next August.
Boeing 777 production rates will decline to 5/mo in August 2017. The delivery rate will fall to 3.5/mo. Photo via Google images.
The rate goes to 5/mo. Because of the transition to the 777X, the actual delivery rate will be 3.5/mo.
Leeham Co. was the first in March 2014 to identify a major production gap and predict rates would have to come down significantly from the then-current 8.3/mo. Aerospace analysts on Wall Street began recognizing the gap shortly after.
Boeing faces prospect of China’s political wrath thanks to Trump
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Introduction
Dec. 12, 2016, © Leeham Co.: “China Inc.,” the combined group of airlines and lessors directed or controlled by the government, is Boeing’s largest customer, an
China is Boeing largest single customer. Campaign rhetoric of Donald Trump could prompt the Chinese government to retaliate against Boeing, favoring Airbus for orders instead. Rendering via Google images.
analysis of the company’s’ backlog at Dec. 5 shows.
Boeing’s website lists “China” with 292 orders in backlog. Fifty of these appear to by Unidentified orders. LNC arrived at this figure by viewing the Chinese customers in Boeing’s identified list, which amounts to 242 orders. Some believe the number of Unidentifieds attributable to China may be higher.
The data shows just how much Boeing has at risk with the so-far unpredictable foreign trade policy espoused by President-Elect Donald J. Trump.
Summary
- Boeing’s long history of supplying airliners to China began with President Nixon’s historic trip.
- China was a reliable customer through global economic downturns.
- But China doesn’t hesitate to use Boeing (or Airbus) as a pawn in geopolitical politics.
- Airbus now at parity in China airplane sales.
- Can Jim McNerney educate Trump?
Top 10 Leeham News stories of 2016
Dec. 15, 2016, © Leeham Co.: The story about a Boeing official who asserted that the Airbus widebody strategy is a “mess” proved to be LNC’s most read story of 2016.
Our second most-read story is why the 787-8 is no longer favored by Boeing.
We list our Top 10 posts each year as we head for a wrap. LNC plans to finish 2016 on Dec. 23, returning Jan. 3, unless there is major, breaking news.
Here are the Top 10 LNC posts in 2016:
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27 Comments
Posted on December 15, 2016 by Scott Hamilton
Airbus, Boeing, Bombardier, Leeham News and Comment, MOM
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